Cellular Optimization and Mitchondiral Function

• Function: Central coenzyme in redox reactions, acting as an electron carrier in cellular respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation).
   
• Key Role: Required for sirtuin activation (SIRT1–SIRT7), PARP enzymes (DNA repair), CD38 function (immune regulation), and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.
   
• Decline: NAD⁺ levels decline with age, stress, inflammation, and DNA damage, contributing to reduced energy metabolism, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and accelerated aging.
   

Limitation:

• NAD⁺ has low membrane permeability and is rapidly degraded in the gut and bloodstream.
   
• Requires transporters (like connexin-43 hemichannels or equilibrative nucleoside transporters) not broadly expressed across all cell types.
   

• Function: Immediate precursor in the salvage pathway of NAD⁺ biosynthesis.
   
• Synthesized from nicotinamide (vitamin B3) via NAMPT and converted to NAD⁺ by NMNAT enzymes.
   
• Can bypass rate-limiting steps in the Preiss-Handler or de novo tryptophan pathways.
   
• Transported intracellularly via Slc12a8 transporter, identified in murine and human small intestine, enabling effective absorption and systemic delivery.
   

• Nicotinamide → NMN → NAD⁺
  (via NAMPT and NMNAT1/2/3)
   

• Sirtuins (SIRT1–7): Regulate gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, metabolism
   
• PARPs: Involved in DNA repair, cell survival, genomic stability
   
• CD38/CD157: NADases impacting calcium signaling and immune function
   

• Mitochondrial efficiency: NMN supplementation increases NAD⁺ → activates PGC-1α → stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis
   
• Neuroprotection: NAD⁺ supports axonal integrity via SIRT1 and SIRT3 pathways; protects against neurodegeneration
   
• Metabolic regulation: Enhanced insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response modulation via SIRT1/SIRT6
   
• DNA repair: NAD⁺ is essential for PARP1/2 activity in response to DNA strand breaks
   

• NAD⁺ is essential but difficult to deliver directly.
   
• NMN is a bioavailable, efficient precursor that supports intracellular NAD⁺ synthesis, impacting mitochondrial energy, repair mechanisms, and cellular resilience.
   
• Restoration of NAD⁺ via NMN is a validated strategy to support cellular homeostasis, particularly in aging, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress contexts.
   

One of oral muscosal NMN’s key advantages is that it can fully bypass first-pass hepatic metabolism, which gives it a major functional edge over NAD⁺ and other forms of NMN.

• First-pass metabolism refers to the breakdown of substances by the liver before they reach systemic circulation. Many oral compounds—including some B3 forms like nicotinamide and nicotinic acid—undergo extensive hepatic conversion, reducing their effective systemic delivery.
   
• Oral mucosal NMN, however, is absorbed directly intot he blood stream in 6 minutes and doesn't reuquire a specific transporter like
  Slc12a8 — an active NMN transporter expressed in the small intestine (particularly ileum), identified in both mice and humans.
   
• Once absorbed, NMN enters systemic circulation rapidly and is delivered to tissues intact, where it is converted to NAD⁺ intracellularly.
   

• Faster systemic intracellular delivery → quicker NAD⁺ elevation
   
• No hepatic conversion → full preservation of molecular integrity
   
• Direct support to peripheral tissues (e.g., muscle, brain, pancreas) without relying on liver intermediates
   

This means oral muscosal NMN can elevate NAD⁺ more efficiently in multiple tissues without triggering hepatic processing, which is especially relevant in patients with liver compromise, metabolic dysfunction, or chronic inflammation.

Key Focus: Can NAD⁺ levels in the brain be raised through NMN? Does NMN cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)? What impact does this have on neurological function?

NAD⁺ is critical for:

• Neuronal energy metabolism (mitochondrial ATP production)
   
• Axonal integrity and myelin repair
   
• Neurotransmitter synthesis (via monoamine oxidase and tryptophan pathways)
   
• DNA repair (via PARP enzymes)
   
• Sirtuin signaling (SIRT1 & SIRT3 regulate inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis)
   

• NAD⁺ itself does not cross the BBB efficiently in meaningful amounts when administered orally.

Recent pharmacokinetic evidence suggests that oral mucosal delivery of NMN (sublingual or buccal) can lead to faster, more direct elevation of brain NAD⁺ levels compared to traditional oral ingestion.
Oral mucosal NMN is currently the most efficient delivery method to elevate NAD⁺ with both systemic and cerebral benefits—making it a front-line option in neuro-optimization, cognitive resilience, and aging protocols. 

Only one company has both the science and the delivery technology to make oral mucosal NMN a clinically viable route for rapid systemic and neurological NAD⁺ optimization—The Practical Practitioner

.

Others talk about bioavailability but fall short.
We engineered it.

While the rest are still pushing capsules, powders and liposomals with poor absorption and pseudoscience designed to take your money, we’ve developed an oral mucosal NMN delivery system that:

• Bypasses first-pass liver metabolism
   
• Achieves rapid systemic circulation
   
• Elevates brain NAD⁺ levels through targeted, science-backed transport pathways
   

This isn't a guess.
It's pharmacokinetically verified and aligned with the most advanced clinical strategies for mitochondrial repair, sirtuin activation, and neuroprotection.

Pteravita™ is a pharmacologically superior form of pterostilbene, optimized for bioavailability, cellular penetration, and sirtuin activation—engineered to outperform resveratrol in half the dose, without its instability or metabolic liabilities.

We engineered a first-of-its-kind delivery system combining oral mucosal NMN with our proprietary Pteravita™, a pharmacologically optimized form of pterostilbene.

This isn’t a capsule. This isn’t guesswork. This is precision pharmacokinetics applied to real cellular outcomes.

• Bypasses first-pass liver metabolism for rapid systemic NAD⁺ elevation
   
• Activates SIRT1, SIRT3, and AMPK through dual-pathway stimulation
   
• Crosses the blood-brain barrier to support cognition, neuroprotection, and mitochondrial function
   
• Built for bioavailability, stability, and clinical application—not shelf-life gimmicks
   

Others are selling molecules.
We engineered synergy.

• Grozio et al., 2019 – Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter. Nature Metabolism 1, 47–57. DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0009-4
   
• Mills et al., 2016 – Long-Term Administration of NMN Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice. Cell Metabolism 24(6): 795–806. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013
   
• Yoshino et al., 2011 – Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD+ intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice. Cell Metabolism 14(4): 528–536. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.08.014
   
• Remsberg et al., 2008 – Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of pterostilbene in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56(3): 1054–1060. DOI: 10.1021/jf072428n
   
• Kapetanovic et al., 2011 – Pharmacologic characterization of pterostilbene in rats: Absorption, metabolism, and antioxidant activity. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 68: 593–601. DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1520-x
   
• Wang et al., 2012 – Pterostilbene reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in obese mice. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 23(2): 144–151. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.10.002
   
• Hwang & Song, 2020 – Nicotinamide mononucleotide administration increases NAD⁺ levels in brain tissue and improves cognitive function in aged mice. Neuropharmacology 167: 107976. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107976